Inheritance Tax

A brief guide to Inheritance Tax

An individual can leave £325,000 free of Inheritance Tax, a married couple £650,000.

Residence Nil Rate Band

The relief is £175,000 per individual from 6 April 2020, £350,000 per married couple provided the main family home is left directly to children / grandchildren for estates up to £2,000,000.

Up to £1,000,000 for a married couple can be left free of tax if all conditions are met, potentially saving up to (£350,000 allowance @ 40%) £140,000 of Inheritance Tax.

Note that individuals who have a discretionary trust in their will are unlikely to benefit from this new relief as the bequest is to a trust and not to a child / grandchild.  Please contact me if you wish to review your will. One recent review led to a new will for the client, removing the discretionary trust set up in 2006 when the tax laws were very different. The writing of a new will saved £60,000 of Inheritance Tax for the individual and there is a potential saving of £120,000 (!) for the married couple as a result of the will review and the drawing up of a new will. Speed was of the essence in this instance. In conjuction with a specialised solicitor from the first client meeting to a detailed review to the preparation and signature of the new will took under 48 hours.

October 2024 Budget Changes

The opportunity to use pensions as a vehicle for inheritance tax planning will be removed from 6 April 2027, by bringing unspent pots into the scope of inheritance tax.

From 6 April 2026, Agricultural Property Relief and Business Property Relief will only be available on the first £1,000,000 of assets. Assets over this amount will be subject to Inheritance Tax @ 20%.

This will have a devastating impact on farmers (particularly farms over 100 acres) and other business owners, especially those businesses that are asset rich, but cash poor.

Business Property Relief is cut to 50% for AIM share portfolios, meaning that they will be taxed at an effective rate of 20% for qualifying AIM shares held for over 2 years from 6th April 2026.

Full Inheritance Tax Relief remains for Gifts to Charities.

A brief guide to Intestacy

What happens if an individual dies intestate without leaving a will?

There are strict rules which follow marriage, civil partnerships and the bloodline and the main provisions are:

• If there is a surviving spouse and no children the surviving spouse inherits absolutely.
• Any jointly owned assets (matrimonial home owned as joint tenants / joint accounts) pass directly to the spouse under the survivorship rules.
• If there is a surviving spouse and children, the surviving spouse inherits the first £270,000 absolutely of assets held in the deceased’s sole name along with any personal chattels. The residuary estate, if any, is then divided equally between the spouse (50%) and the children (50% divided between however many children there are).
• If there is no surviving spouse, the children inherit in equal shares.
• If there is no spouse and no children, there is further provision for grandparents, siblings, uncles and aunts in accordance with the rules.
• Very importantly a surviving co-habiting partner who is not married or in a civil partnership with the deceased has no automatic right to inherit and this can cause severe problems and difficulties.
• There is no provision to disallow estranged members of the family, or leave legacies to charities or close friends. 
• The message is clear – if you want to leave your assets to whom you want, a valid will is essential, or the above strict rules will apply.

List of Financial Assets

Many individuals leave their estates in good order with a full list of assets.

However many individuals leave little or no instructions to their executors regarding their financial assets.  This makes it difficult for their executors / next of kin to know that they have traced all of the deceased’s assets. Some valuable assets may remain unclaimed if the executors are not aware of their existence.

This problem has increased in recent years when more financial assets are held online.   Please ensure that someone trustworthy has access to your financial records in the event of early unforeseen death.  The problems for the remaining family become even worse where an individual has invested in cryptocurrency – without full passwords there is no hope of reclaiming any funds.

It is of advantage to the executors / administrators of the estate to let a trusted person know how to unlock your phone / access your emails if the need arises - this will provide better access to digital records. This must be with a person you trust completely.